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- Phonological Awareness
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- Motivation
- Students with Special Needs
- English Language Learners
- Urban Education
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What is Fluency?
Fluency is the ability to read:
Reading fluency involves:
(Holdgreve-Resendez, 2010a)
- Accurately
- Quickly
- Smoothly
- Naturally
- Expressively
- In syntactical units
- With phrasing
Reading fluency involves:
- The speed and rate of reading (words per minute or WPM)
- Reading effortlessly without particular attention to the mechanics of reading
(Holdgreve-Resendez, 2010a)
Why is Fluency Important?
Fluency is extremely important in reading and in literacy! When students become fluent, they can become more automatic readers. Once a student achieves fluency, they can devote their attention to comprehension. Comprehension is the ultimate goal of literacy! (Holdgreve-Resendez, 2010a).
How does Fluency Develop?
Fluency increases when students:
(Holdgreve-Resendez, 2010a), (Johns and Berglund, 2002)
- Develop instant, efficient word recognition
- Practice repeated reading of texts
- Receive feedback and guidance from others
(Holdgreve-Resendez, 2010a), (Johns and Berglund, 2002)
Assessments for Fluency
Informal Assessment
Informal assessments can be conducted by having a child read a book. While the child reads, count how many words he or she reads in a minute. Then take the number or total words read, minus the number of words missed to get the total number of words. The total number is the WPM (words per minute).
To determine the accuracy of a reader, count the correct number of words read divided by the total number of words read to get the percent accuracy.
(Holdgreve-Resendez, 2010a)
Formal Assessment
The following are different techniques to assess a students fluency:
NAEP Oral Reading Fluency Scale
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/studies/ors/scale.asp
Timothy Rasinski: Assessing Reading Fluency
http://www.prel.org/products/re_/assessing-fluency.htm
LD Online: Reading Fluency
http://www.ldonline.org/article/6354
DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency and Retell Fluency
https://dibels.uoregon.edu/measures/orf.php
Instructional Strategies for Fluency
Some instructional strategies for fluency are:
(Holdgreve-Resendez, 2010a), (Johns & Berglund, 2002), (McKenna & Stahl, 2009)
The following video was taken from YouTube:
- Match students' reading abilities to appropriate materials
- Model oral reading and provide guided oral reading opportunities
- Have daily opportunities for students to read independently with ease
- Echo Reading
- Tape Reading
- Partner Reading
- Choral Reading
- Oral Recitation
- Paired Reading
- Buddy Reading
- Reader's Theatre
(Holdgreve-Resendez, 2010a), (Johns & Berglund, 2002), (McKenna & Stahl, 2009)
The following video was taken from YouTube:
How do Second Language Learners Develop Fluency?
Affective methods for teaching SLL:
(Holdgreve-Resendez, 2010a)
The following YouTube video is a resource for SLL! The video gives advice on how to learn English.
- Listening to models
- Repeated readings
- Choral reading
- Partner reading
- PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!!!!!
(Holdgreve-Resendez, 2010a)
The following YouTube video is a resource for SLL! The video gives advice on how to learn English.
Multimedia Resources for Fluency
This YouTube video gives tips and strategies on how to increase fluency!
Additional Journals, Articles, and Power Points for Sound-Letter Knowledge
Articles and Journals (PDF)
promising_effects_of_an_intervention.pdf | |
File Size: | 526 kb |
File Type: |
remedial_and_special_education-2010-burke-385-99.pdf | |
File Size: | 385 kb |
File Type: |
Articles and Journals
Begeny, J. (2010). A control group comparison of two reading fluency programs: the helping early literacy with practice strategies (helps) program and the great leaps k-2 program. School Psychology Review,39(1), 19.
Benjamin, Rg. (2010). Text complexity and oral reading prosody in young readers. Reading Research Quarterly, 2010.
Brown, B. (2010). Pathway towards fluency: using 'disaggregate instruction' to promote science literacy. International Journal of Science of Education, 32(11), 1465.
Benjamin, Rg. (2010). Text complexity and oral reading prosody in young readers. Reading Research Quarterly, 2010.
Brown, B. (2010). Pathway towards fluency: using 'disaggregate instruction' to promote science literacy. International Journal of Science of Education, 32(11), 1465.
Power Points
Holdgreve-Resendez, R. T. (2010). Fluency. Extracted from www.angel.msu.edu on November 28, 2010. Phonological Awareness.
fluencyfall2010.ppt | |
File Size: | 2565 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
References
McKenna, M. C., & Stahl, K. A. D. (2009). Assessment for reading instruction, second edition. New York: Guilford.
Zhang, J, Pelletier, J, & Doyle, A. (2010). Promising effects of an intervention: young children's literacy gains and changes in their home literacy activities from a bilingual family literacy program in canada. Higher Education Press, 5(3), 409-429.